1899: Philippine President Emilio Aguinaldo promulgates the country's first constitution, referred to as the Malolos Constitution; it is Asia's very first democratic constitution but which, sadly, will soon be overrun by American colonization of the archipelago.
1987: Philippine military commanders headed off an attempt by troops still loyal to former President Ferdinand E. Marcos to take over two key Manila military bases, killing one rebel soldier and wounding 16 others during the attempted coup, the military chief of staff, Gen. Fidel V. Ramos. More than 200 heavily armed rebel troops were still in control of Channel 7, Manila's largest television station, and radio station DZBB well into this afternoon, but the military said the stations' power had been cut off.
1991: The Philippine National Police, which was a result of a merger of the Philippine Constabulary and the Integrated National Police, was activated. Its national headquarters are based at Camp Crame, Quezon City, in the National Capital Region.
